Speed
Latency Table
| Medium | nanoseconds | milliseconds |
|---|---|---|
| L1 cache reference | 0.5 ns | |
| Branch mispredict | 5 ns | |
| L2 cache reference | 7 ns | |
| Mutex lock/unlock | 25 ns | |
| Main memory reference | 100 ns | |
| Compress 1K bytes with Zippy | 3,000 ns | |
| Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network | 10,000 ns | 0.01 ms |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from memory | 250,000 ns | 0.25 ms |
| Round trip within same datacenter | 500,000 ns | 0.5 ms |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from SSD | 1,000,000 ns | 1 ms |
| Disk seek | 10,000,000 ns | 10 ms |
| Read 1 MB sequentially from disk | 20,000,000 ns | 20 ms |
| Send packet CA → Netherlands → CA | 150,000,000 ns | 150 ms |
Mobile internet download speeds
| Gen | Short | Technology | Max Download Speed | AVG Download Speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2G | G | GPRS | 0.1Mbit/s | <0.1Mbit/s |
| 2G | E | EDGE | 0.3Mbit/s | 0.1Mbit/s |
| 3G | 3G | 3G (Basic) | 0.3Mbit/s | 0.1Mbit/s |
| 3G | H | HSPA | 7.2Mbit/s | 1.5Mbit/s |
| 3G | H+ | HSPA+ | 21Mbit/s | 4Mbit/s |
| 3G | H+ | DC-HSPA+ | 42Mbit/s | 8Mbit/s |
| 4G | 4G | LTE Category 4 | 150Mbit/s | 15Mbit/s |
| 4G+ | 4G+ | LTE-Advanced Cat6 | 300Mbit/s | 30Mbit/s |
| 4G+ | 4G+ | LTE-Advanced Cat9 | 450Mbit/s | 45Mbit/s |
| 4G+ | 4G+ | LTE-Advanced Cat12 | 600Mbit/s | 60Mbit/s |
| 4G+ | 4G+ | LTE-Advanced Cat16 | 979Mbit/s | 90Mbit/s |
| 5G | 5G | 5G | 1,000-10,000Mbit/s | 150-200Mbit/s |